Evolution Of Evolutionary Change Applications - 1802 Words

Evolutionary Change Applications It has been determined that using an evolutionary approach to change within this organization could be the most appropriate choice due to the use of new technology. By using an incremental approach to developing and implementing features of the organization’s new sales technology and engaging employees in training and development, it is feasible to automate the tracking of the department’s sales and minimize additional work for both sales associates and sales management. By taking a gradual approach, the evolutionary process will help the sales team easily adopt the new processes and allow the management team to cultivate knowledge, identify major issues and improve the planning experience (1997). It is argued that managers who use this method of change recognize that sustaining organizational change is most often evolutionary instead of revolutionary, and it is believed that using evolutionary change as a process for major changes withi n an organization will lead to more long-term success (1997). Using these principles, this change will occur gradually in three stages following some of Kotter’s model over 6 to 12 months. Preparing for Changes within an Organization In the first stage, implementing this plan with a defined strategy is necessary to confirm that changes to the sales tracking process are well received and resistance from employees is mitigated. In order for upcoming changes in the sales tracking technology to be successful, itShow MoreRelatedEssay on Practical Applications of Evolutionary Biology1484 Words   |  6 Pagestheory of evolution which holds as much weight as the theory of relativity per se. Evolutionary biology is the science devoted to understanding how populations change through time in response to modifications of their environment and how new species come into being by studying adaptation and diversity (Freeman and Herron 2004). Evolutionary biology has proved that all organisms have evolved from a common ancestor over the last 3.5 billion years. There is a common misconception that evolution is onlyRead MoreDifferential Evolution Of Human Science And Innovation1340 Words   |  6 PagesDifferential Evolution ( DE) is seemingly a standout amongst the most capable and flexible evolutionary optimizers for the nonstop parameter spaces as of late. Since the advancement of DE algorithm on late years is quick and the exploration on and with DE have now achieved a great state, there is an essential need to study late parts of DE algorithm thoroughly. Considering the tremendous advance of research with DE and its applications in various areas of science and innovation, we find that it isRead MoreAdvancements in the Field of Genomics961 Words   |  4 PagesAdvancements in other fields such as human biomedicine may also be dependent on progress made in genomics, especially unresolved problems focused on changes in genes triggered or disrupted in development, susceptibility to infectious disease, mechanisms of DNA recombination and genome plasticity which cannot be adequately interpreted without a precise evolutionary context or hierarchy. One of the most well-known and supported endeavors in the advancing field of genomics is the human genome project whoseRead MorePhysiological Evolution of the Horse1095 Words   |  4 PagesHorse: Evolution The first ancestors of the modern horse bore little resemblance to the large, powerful domesticated animals of today. The very earliest ancestor of the horse would have resembled in its appearance the modern-day dog and had many omnivorous rather than herbivorous features, such as its tooth construction and density and its propensity for browsing or foraging. Hyracotherium (or eohippus) measured about 10 inches at the shoulder and had an arched back, short neck, short snout,Read MoreGenetic Variance Between And Within Species1638 Words   |  7 Pagesselection in adaptive evolution. With the publication of two independent papers this central tenet was brought into question with the new notion of selectively neutral mutations accounting for the majority of identified variance. This hypothesis termed the Neutral Theory of Evolution, at first questioned, has allowed significant advances in our understanding in the impacts of selection, genetic variance, and analysis of species history. The debate over its role in evolution is still questioned howeverRead MoreEdward Bernett Was An English Anthropologist And The Founder Of Cultural Anthropology984 Words   |  4 Pages Edward Bernett Tylor was an English anthropologist and the founder of cultural anthropology. Tylor was focused on defining the context of the scientific study of anthropology that was based on evolutionary theories inspired by Darwin and Lyell. His stance as an evolutionist fueled his belief that researching the prehistory and the history of man could be used to compare and reform modern societies. Therefore, through the use of the comparative method and historical ethnography, which included travelRead MoreThe Development Of The Pair Bond1513 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant aspects of human evolution, culture, and relationships as we understand them today. This behavior has driven human sociality, reproduction, and cultural development through evolutionary, physiological, and psychological means. By understanding and assessing the history and evolution of pair bonding, the means by which our cultural foundations were established can be discovered. To determine how the pair bond has been established, one must look at the various evolutionary pressures that lead toRead MoreEvolutionary Concepts Activity 6 Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesEvolutionary Concepts Activity 6 1. Evolutionary theory describes how populations change over time due to changes in the gene pool. There are several mechanisms that can change a gene pool and allow evolution to occur. Natural selection, mutation, gene flow and genetic drift are some of the driving forces behind evolutionary change. Natural selection and genetic drift are the mechanisms that decrease genetic variation, whereas gene flow and mutation are the driving mechanism to increase geneticRead MorePhenotypic Change1441 Words   |  6 Pagesclimate change and other human induced modifications to habitats and populations, there has been a surge in scientific studies attempting to understand contemporary evolution as a response to these anthropogenic influences. The study of contemporary evolution in response to climate change burgeoned in the 1980’s and 90’s and continued to gain momentum in the last two decades (Merila and Hendry, 2013). With the rapid increase in the volume of studies conducted linking particularly, climate change to evolutionaryRead MoreSoftware Engineering That Range From Testing984 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay discusses four questions relating to software engineering that range from testing in isolation, why the waterfall model has iteration limitations, the irrelevance of distinguishing between software development and evolution and why change is inevitable in complex systems.. Assignment 2 3 Assignment 2 State why it is a good idea to test a module in isolation from other modules and why different modules making up a software product are almost never integrated simultaneously. The primary

Essay about Do We Learn Our Gender - 2201 Words

Do we learn our gender? This essay will look at the question of whether we learn our gender. It will begin by looking at the sociological meaning and interpretations of gender and how this is important. Following the discussion of how socialization plays a vital role in the argument of if we do learn our gender or not. Further to this it shall look at how gender roles have changed, comparing in particular pre-1960 to the modern day and also what key factors played crucial roles in this change. Throughout this essay the work and views of different sociologists will be relied upon in order to provide a detailed discussion in the analysis of the question. Firstly to understand the question the meaning of gender has to be depicted. The†¦show more content†¦This social observation would suggest that they are learning their gender roles in society through their culture, religion and their primary socialisation, the family. When looking at gender roles in modern day British society it must be said that the definition of what is a feminine gender role and a masculine gender role is becoming harder if not impossible to define. As Simone De Beauvoir (1949, p.293) said â€Å"One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman†, this reflects the argument and suggests that a child is born genderless, it is only once they are taught the social characteristics of a woman under a cultural compulsion that they then adapt this, this suggests that it does not matter what the sex is, only what the social obligation is upon the child that determines the gender. Judith Butler (1990, p.10) argues this point in ‘Gender Trouble.’ She states that â€Å"If gender is the cultural meanings that the sexed body assumes, then a gender cannot be said to follow from a sex in any one way. Taken to its logical limit, the sex/gender distinction suggests a radical discontinuity between sexed bodies and culturally const ructed genders.† This discussion is following the argument towards Simone De Beauvoir’s work, in that the gender/sex relationship is not assigned to any particular sex, and that however stereotypically we assign the masculine gender characteristics to men and feminine to women these are not restricted to each sex. This relates to the question in termsShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis on the Article, Becoming Members of Society1162 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle, â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† the author, Aaron Devor, is trying to convince his audience that gender shapes how we behave and relate to one another. He does this by using an educational approach, describing gender stereotypes, and making cultural references. These rhetorical devices serve his larger goal of getting readers to reflect on how their childhoods formed their genders. â€Å"Maleness and femaleness seem â€Å"natural,† not the product of soc ializationRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pages Most people believe gender and sex are kindred, but they’re not. There is a difference between gender and sex. According to OpenStax, â€Å"Sex is how society classifies a person’s genetic and biological anatomy. Gender is how an individual views their identity, regardless of sex. Sex is biological in nature and determines one s biological destiny. Gender, on the other hand, helps define one s role within society†. Sex is based on genetics, whereas gender is based on the environmental surrounding.Read MoreGender Identity As An Axis Of Social Order1611 Words   |  7 PagesGender is considered an axis of social order. Its categorisation into masculinity and femininity is social constructed and maintained in everyday life (Clark and Page, 2005; Mackie, 1994). Gender identity is our innermost understanding of our self as ‘male’ or ‘female’. Most peop le develop a gender identity that matched their biological sex (their body). Gender identity can be affected by, and is different from one society to another, depending on the way the members of society evaluate the roleRead MoreTypes of Stereotypes in Writing1127 Words   |  5 Pagesobserved how gender affects writing in a negative way for both boys and girls inside the classrooms. Ways that many teachers can fix this issue is simply by taking into account implementing new teaching techniques, correcting gender stereotypes, and address the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). By having attended my credential school I have kept studies that I have done for my degree, and know the sources I will present to administration will help many teachers understand how gender affects writingRead MoreFeminism And The Third Wave Of Feminism1212 Words   |  5 Pagesworking on allowing women just to vote. It focuses on intersectionality, gender norms, women s reproductive rights, and so much more. We are in the third wave of feminism. In 2017 most millennials identify with third wave feminism or a variant of the movement and strive to abolish gender roles, patriarchy, and fight for women s rights and equality. Our distinct personal experiences and social location effect what issues we care most about, whether they be racial equality or the Healthcare ReformRead MoreThe Body And Reproduction Of Femininity1559 Words   |  7 PagesIn the western world, concepts of gender have historically been divided into two parts: masculinity and femininity. At birth we are labelled male or female and treated accordingly by our parents and society. Masculinity is seen as strong, confident and dominant and femininity is seen as being white, thin and young. Hegemonic femininity is seen as the model of what it means to be a female and society sets this standard that all women are meant to embody. These specific characteristics â€Å"represent†Read More gender Essays1312 Words   |   6 Pages Gender Roles nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For many years society has embraced the idea that the difference between men and women were biologically determined. Thou through traditions, media, and peers we act accordingly to how others view us. Each individual has pressure placed upon them based on their gender. Our sex is determined by genetics while our gender is programmed by social customs. Some theories interpret that a women is tender and a loving mother while on the other hand men are aggressiveRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender1220 Words   |  5 Pagesthe reading â€Å"The social Construction of Gender† by Judith Lorber she describes how gender is socially constructed. Sex is the biological difference while gender is the social and cultural meanings attached to femininity and masculinity (lecture). From the time that a child is born the doctor assigns it a gender, girl or boy, depending on its genitalia. In the reading â€Å"Naming All the Parts† it focused on how when d octors view genitalia to decide the gender they say there is a penis or there is noRead MoreGender, Social, And Cultural Aspects Of Gender Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Gender is one of the most debated sociological topics worldwide and there are a range of views on how humans are constituted as gendered beings. Our gender determines our social function and purpose in society. Gender can be described as, â€Å"psychological, social, and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness† (McKenna, cited in Wharton, 2005 p.6). In other words, gender is the way our biological sex is represented in society. Ann Oakley (1972), one of the first sociologists to investigateRead MoreAnalysis Of Gender Trouble By Judith Butler1710 Words   |  7 PagesButler’s book; Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity explains everything from sex versus gender to feminist identity. Not only does Butler add on her own beliefs and thoughts but also considering work of another theorist such as Simone de Beauvoir and Luce Irigaray. Judith mainly focuses on Simeone de Beauvoirs novel â€Å"The Second Sex† and â€Å"Speculum of the Other Womanâ € . Judith’s Butler’s main question throughout her novel is; â€Å"Are we assigned our gender at birth or do we simply perform

Music Recording Industry Free Essays

string(93) " Combinations between any of these firms would have led to more concentration in that field\." Music Recording INTRODUCTION For centuries man had dreamed of capturing the sounds and music of his environment by means of music recordings. The road to successful music recording had not been smooth until the derivation of the music recording industry. Since the inception of the music recording industry, the way in which music is produced, distributed, sold and consumed have greatly changed so also has popular music changed over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Recording Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now These changes resulted from new technology which was invented between 1890 and 1900 and paved way for entry, which in turn has caused significant structural shocks within the industry. The Sound Recording Technology invention has not only changed the way we listen, but has also substantially reduced the cost of production, reproduction and distribution of the industry’s product to the very minimum especially within the past 5 years. Although technology seems to pose an obstacle to entry into the industry, recently, the main barrier to entry over the past years has been radio airplay because of the cost associated with informing consumers about the existence and the nature of products in the industry. Between 1900 and 1910, there was an integration of three large firms (Victor, Columbia and Edison) who controlled most audio-related products including playback devices and the audio products themselves and this served as a substantial barrier to entry. But it is possible for another technology of supply, high speed internet, might eventually offset this important barrier to new entrants into the industry. After 1910, the music recording industry became the center of controversy involving (1) alleged price fixing by the major firms in the industry and (2) massive alleged copyright infringement by consumers, in what amount to a free-for-all over economic rents. The clash between the firm and their consumers has erupted in legal open warfare, with the Federal Trade Commission and courts finding the major firms guilty of overcharging consumers by nearly half a billion dollars in a scheme that maintain artificially high prices, and the industry suing hundreds of consumers for copy right infringement according to Prof Peter J. Alexander in â€Å"Market Structure of the Domestic Music Recording Industry†. In 2003, The Business Week Online posted that, The Recording Association of America (RIAA), the trade association for the music recording industry, issued hundreds of subpoenas aimed at individual consumers whom they alleged to be copyright violators. MARKET STRUCTURE Number of Firms The market structure of the music recording industry is made of five large international and integrated firms. These firms are Vivendi Universal, Sony Corporation, Time warner, Emi Group and Bertelsmann AG. These firms exhibit number of characteristics including dating back as far as the twentieth century. Also, with the exception of Time Warner, all the firms have been sold and bought many times. Additionally, each firm except EMI is part of a larger media with particular interest in motion pictures, television, cable and book publishing, music publishing, production, manufacturing and distribution. The largest among these firms is the Vivendi Universal Music which was created in 1998 from two major French firms, Polygram and MCA. According to the Various Company Reports, represented by the table below, the Vivendi Universal Music is currently the largest music company in terms of market share and recorded music revenues. It owns the largest recorded music in the world, with over one million catalog of recorded music. Its operational activities include production, distribution and publishing of music as well as licensing of music copyrights. According to Prof Peter J. Alexander, in 2002, one out of every four compact disks sold worldwide was a Universal Music Group Product. Some of the Vivendi’s other media holdings include Universal studios (motion picture), USA Networks (television) and Houghton Mifflin (book publishing). Table 1. 1 Worldwide Conglomerate Revenues of the Major Firms, 2002 Firm Total Worldwide Revenue (In billions) | Vivendi Universal $60 Sony $57 Time Warner $41 Bertelsmann $18 EMI $0. 36 Source: Various Company Reports, 2002| Sony Corporation is a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate and its operational activities include production of Sony compact disks, distribution of recorded music and also publishing music. Sony Corporation is a leading manufacturer of audio, video, communications, and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets. Its motion picture, television, computer entertainment, music and online businesses make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment and technology companies in the world. Other media of the Sony Corporation are the motion picture houses Columbia pictures and Tri-Star pictures. According to Andrew Herman, Sony Corporation became presence in the music record when it bought CBS in 1988. Bertelsmann is a German multi media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gutersloh Germany. It is the second largest global media conglomerate measured in terms of total revenue. Bertelsmann media holdings include books and magazine publishing, producing, manufacturing, and distribution of recorded music. It is also a major European television and radio broadcaster and content producer. Bertelsmann bought RCA in 1985, and that increased their interest in becoming a major presence in the music industry. Time warner is a US based conglomerate and it is the second largest cable provider in the USA. It produces, manufactures, publishes and distributes recorded music. Time Warner also controls the publishing rights of over one million music titles. Other media holding include Warner Brother (motion pictures), WB Network (television), HBO (television), Time Life (magazine) and Warner Books. EMI is a British conglomerate which also produces, manufactures, distributes and publishes recorded music. It is the second largest music publisher and comprises more than one hundred music label. The EMI Group also has a major publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing – also based in London with offices globally. It is the least diversified among the other firms. According to Pro J Peterson, recently, four of these giant firms have been in negotiation to merge their recording operations (Sony with Bertelsmann and EMI to acquire Time Warner recording business). In early 2004 Time Warner sold its Warner Music subsidiary to a new set of owners led by the Canadian Bronfman interests. Combinations between any of these firms would have led to more concentration in that field. You read "Music Recording Industry" in category "Essay examples" Barriers of Entry Barriers to entry in the record industry are generally regarded as low. A number of independents have entered the market successfully over the last ten years. A number of artists signed to independent labels have featured in the singles and album charts. The Top 40 singles charts gained 540 new entrants in the year ending September 1993, 84 of which were from independents. The Top 40 album charts gained 272 new entries over the same period, 42 of which were from independents according to the British report on recorded music. A small independent record company has few sunk costs since recording, manufacturing, distribution and marketing can all be contracted out to independent third parties. Many costs have come down in recent years. For example, recording equipment of reasonable quality can be purchased for a few hundred pounds, allowing initial recording to be done away from the studio. At the smallest end of the market a recording can be made in a home studio. The combination of rapidly changing consumer tastes and a pool of artistic talent in the UK provides opportunities for independents. Independents can compete against the majors in the signing of new artists in a number of ways. An independent may concentrate on a particular type of music and be better placed than a major to spot new talent and make contact with an artist. Artists may be more attracted to an independent that has a good reputation in their type of music than to a major (that is, they might be perceived as having more `street cred’). There appears to be a pool of people with experience of the record business that is willing to set up record companies, for example ex-artists, producers, artists’ managers or ex-employees of the majors. The reputation of these people may be sufficient to attract new artists. The independents often develop links with the majors. For example, if a new artist is successful but the independent cannot market the artist overseas, the independent may come to an arrangement with a major under which the artist’s recordings are licensed to the major, the artist is signed by the major, or the major takes some financial interest in the independent. Whatever the particular arrangements, there are likely to be benefits for both parties. The majors are interested in sharing in the AR successes of the independents, while for their part the independents gain funds for further AR. The risks to the artist of signing with an independent are reduced if this exit route is available. The option of outright sale to a major is also open to an independent. The major may be attracted by the existing artist roster, the back catalogue, the personnel or the name of the label. The possibility of a profitable exit from the market is an incentive for a new entrant The table below shows entrance of new firms to the music industry since 1983 Source: British 1994 report on recorded music Shares of the Market According to the BBC worldservice. om up to 90% of the global music market is accounted for by just five corporations: EMI Records, Sony, Vivendi Universal, Time Warner and BMG. Collectively, these corporations are known as ‘the Big Five’, and operate in all of the major music markets in the world. Each of the corporations maintains their headquarters in the US, the largest of the world’s markets. Of the Big Five, Vivendi Universal is the largest, with 2 9% of the market share and wholly owned record operations or licensees in 63 countries. Its nearest rival is AOL Time Warner, with 15. 9% of the market share. Each of the corporations operates in a variety of fields beyond recorded music, incorporating publishing, electronics and telecommunications, thus extending their influence to cover more markets within the global entertainment industry. In achieving their dominance in music sales, the Big Five each own a large portfolio of labels, from formerly independent labels to large regional operators in different territories. The biggest exception to their domination of the market is in India, where the large film music market has so far defied these corporations. Africa has also proved to be a difficult market for the American-owned corporations, largely because the economic situation outside South Africa means a lack of profitable markets. In South Africa, Gallo Records is one of the biggest record labels, not only because of its representation of African music, but also from being exclusive licensee for Warner Music International. The Big Five are not always in competition with each other, and it is in their best interests to act together at times. EMI is the sole licensee of BMG material in Greece. A press material in May 2002 stressed that the deal would work well for both companies, with EMI licensing some important international artists, and BMG’s Greek artists being looked after by a company with a much bigger local presence. Co-operation and partnerships, then, can yield not only greater profits, but maintain their status as corporate giants. Many well-known smaller labels are in fact owned by one of the Big Five companies. While labels are often started by entrepreneurs, the dominance of the major labels makes large scale success difficult for these firms. And should they achieve a high degree of success, they excite to the predatory instincts of the large corporations. This gives the major labels a wider ranging repertoire in different geographical markets and musical genres. –ju While small labels will continue to exist, they become increasingly unable to grow without becoming part of one of the Big Five companies. This pattern looks set to continue into the future as the larger companies continue their strategy of acquisition, and potentially merge amongst themselves in an attempt to dominate the market even further. How to cite Music Recording Industry, Essay examples

Wireless Applications-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of Wireless technology. 2.How wireless communications are made possible by a radio wave. Answers: 1.Antennas are devices that are used in wireless communication to propagate RF signals over the radio spectrum. These devices are classified based on their operational methods which yield the following categories: Directional antennas as the name suggests, they transfer radio waves in specific directions i.e. only one direction e.g. Yagi antenna. Semi directional transfer signals in multiple directions having restrictions in others. Omnidirectional antennas transfer radio signals in all directions e.g. cellular antenna (Reckeweg, 2011). Horn antenna a directional antenna that is associated with high gains and directivity (propagation in one direction). It used in conjunction with ultra-high frequencies (microwaves) 300MHz 3 GHz (Radio-electronics, 2017). Strengths High gains and directivity. Simple to design Weaknesses Gain is limited to the device structure Yagi antenna one of the most popular antenna (directional) that is commonly used in the propagation of television signals, a common household item. Its properties facilitate its long distance applications (Rouse, 2017). Strengths Relatively high gains and directivity. A simple structure made of metallic rods. Weaknesses Gains are always limited Its size determines the gain. Cellular antenna used in mobile devices, a cellular antenna is a good example of Omni-directional antennas as it propagates RF signals in all directions. Its usually small in size, an attribute that facilities its applications (Carr, 2012). Strengths Optimal gains Convenient size Weaknesses Limited gains Future of antenna applications High gains and directivity are needed when propagating RF signals in long distances, which necessitates the antennas that exhibit these properties. In this case, directional antennas are defiantly the choice as they currently exhibit both of these attributes. Moreover, with the advances in technology, these attributes can be furnished to enhance their operations. Omnidirectional antennas, on the other hand, are only desirable in short distance applications and in systems that require small devices (Carr, 2012).. 2.Multiple access techniques (multiplexing techniques) are protocols used to transfer multiple signals in single channels. In essence, a single communication medium such as the radio spectrum (wireless communication) will carry a single RF signal between two corresponding parties, an undesirable outcome as the medium is wasted. Instead, the multiplexing techniques use the same channel to carry many signals between many communicating parties. This outcome optimises the resources available more so, bandwidth which in wireless communication is limited. However, the techniques must provide optimal operational conditions where communication is both done efficiently and without recurring instances of interference (corps, 2000). Types of multiplexing Classification is done based on the operational methods, this is determined by the principle used to facilitate the sharing of the communication medium. Code division multiple access (CDMA) in this technique, communication will start with a unique set of codes. These codes are assigned to the propagated signals and are used as identification factors. Moreover, the users involved will possess the same codes which will facilitate their communication based on matching identifiers. Now, during communication (propagation of signals), all signals are ferried under the same medium without the allocation of space. Therefore, the entire bandwidth is available for signals during transmission, unlike other techniques (TECH, 2011). CDMA properties: Pseudo-codes ( a unique set of codes) are used as the multiplexing factor. Signals use the entire bandwidth without any form of allocation of space. Users having matching codes can communicate with each other. Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) frequency bands are used to allocate space within the communication medium. In wireless communication, the radio spectrum is the medium and is split into different sub-band frequencies, with each band carrying a unique signal. During communication, the users will possess their band which are minor channels (subsections) of the entire communication channel. Therefore, FDMA will allocate space based on the needs of the users (Zahra, 2015). FDMA properties Frequency bands are the multiplexing factor. Allocation of space is done. Users possess minor communication channels. Comparison of the two techniques CDMA FDMA Defined by pseudo codes which uniquely identify signals across the communication medium. Frequency bands define the technique, assigning space across the communication channel. All signals will use the entire bandwidth as the technique does not assign space to the parties involved. The bandwidth is divided according to the signals involved. This means each signal/user is allocated space with the medium. The channel never experiences idle time as every instance is associated with a transfer of a signal. Due to the allocation of space, some bands will remain idle when their respective users are not communicating. Commonly used with both video and data signals as it provides maximum bit transfer. Used to transfer audio signals, a common application with radio transmissions. No filters. Filters are used enhance the efficiency of communication as they eliminate interferences(Zahra, 2015). References Carr, J. (2012). Directional or Omnidirectional antenna? . Joe Carr's Radio Tech-notes, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://www.dxing.com/tnotes/tnote01.pdf. Carr, J. (2012). Directional or Omnidirectional antenna? Joe Carr's Radio Tech-notes, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://www.dxing.com/tnotes/tnote01.pdf. corps, W. (2000). FDMA vs. TDMA vs. CDMA. Connecting Wireless, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://wirelessapplications.com/pdf/lf/FD_TD_CDMA.pdf. Radio-electronics. (2017). Microwave Horn Antenna. Antennas and propagation, Retrieved 19 August, 2017, from: www.radio-electronics.com/info/antennas/horn_antenna/horn_antenna.php. Reckeweg, M. (2011). Antenna basic. Rhode Schwarz, Retrieved 14 August, 2017, from: https://home.zhaw.ch/kunr/NTM1/literatur/Rhode_Schwarz_Antenna_Basics.pdf. Rouse, M. (2017). Horn antenna. Research gate, Retrieved 17 August, 2017, from: https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/horn-antenna. TECH, M. C. (2011). Multiple access techniques for wireless communications. wireless mobile communication , Retrieved 19 August, 2017, from: https://www.slideshare.net/HILDA519/multiple-access-techniques-for-wireless-communications. Zahra. (2015). FDMA-TDMA-CDMA. Multiple access techniques in wireless communication, Retrieved 16 August, 2017, from: https://www.slideshare.net/SammarKhan2/fdmatdmacdma.

Boeing Support Activities

Support activities are such types of activities, which can make the delivery of any other primary activity possible. Usually, support activities are all about different kinds of competitions within one concrete sphere.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing Support Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are four major categories of support activities, which, in their turn, are divided into several more specific activities: general administration, technology development, human resource management, and procurement. In order to take leading positions in the desirable spheres, it is necessary to take some of these support activities properly and be aware about the consequences of such use. The Boeing Company is one of the most widely known aerospace companies and, at the same time, the largest manufacturer of numerous military aircrafts. At the beginning of the 1900s, Boeing appeared on the world scene and amazed consumers with its novelty and practicality. To achieve the desirable success, the company never stops to demonstrate its capabilities and provide its consumers with advanced technologies, e-enabling airplanes, military platforms, and other captivating financial solutions for each of its customers. (Boeing) Support activities for the Boeing Company should be analyzed in order to comprehend how this company is able to take the leading position for such a long period of time, and then identify and analyze its strengths and weaknesses. As it was mentioned above, four categories of support activities consist of some sub-activities, which are necessary for the company. Identification of some of them should help us clear up its strengths. One of the support activities that relates to general administration is â€Å"excellent relationships with diverse stakeholder groups.† (Dess et al., 81)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help yo u! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Boeing offers two ways to own stock at this company: be a registered shareholder or be a beneficial shareholder. It is one of the strengths of the company, because it provides its customers with more opportunities to participate in the life of the company and promote its development. Another activity in the sphere of human resource management is invigorative programs in order to motivate all employees of the company. It is underlined that any employee is an important key of the Boeing’s success and growth. The benefits package is another strength of the company, that helps to meet the needs of workforce, provide financial protection of employees’ families, and promise proper retirement benefits. Technological development is something that supports the whole value chain. However, Boeing is not always able to meet all critical deadlines. This is why such support activity demonstrates one of the slight weaknesses of the company. Sometimes, not all the deadlines can be met because of weather conditions or terroristic attacks. Of course, they are not huge in numbers, but still, such possibility exists and has to be considered. â€Å"Procurement refers to the function of purchasing inputs used in the firm’s values chain, not to inputs themselves.† (Dess et al., 82) One of such activities is purchasing different advertising and media services. Boeing is one of the companies, which pay much attention to new advertising technologies in order to satisfy the vast majority of consumers’ needs. This is why their careful attitude and attention to novelties make this organization more powerful in comparison to other aerospace companies. These and many other support activities prove that the Boeing Company chooses the best ways to achieve the desirable success and be the leader in this sphere. Sophisticated workers and perfectly arranged management help to grow and develop day by day a nd be ready to win all the competitors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Boeing Support Activities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Boeing., Copyright 1995 – 2009. 2 Jun. 2009 http://www.boeing.com/ Dess, Gregory, G., Lumpik, G. T., and Taylor, Marilyn, L. Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. McGraw Hill Professional, 2004. This essay on Boeing Support Activities was written and submitted by user Brian Neal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Forming Plurals with s

Forming Plurals with s Forming Plurals with ’s Forming Plurals with ’s By Maeve Maddox This reader’s lament prompted the recent spate of apostrophe posts: Could you please do a post on possessives versus plurals? Im seeing this mistake more and more, to the point where I saw someone use an apostrophe for a plural on a billboard. Because people are easily confused by the apostrophe, I have treated possession separately: The Singular Possessive Apostrophe The Plural Possessive Apostrophe Now, I’ll focus on the reader’s main concern: the use of the apostrophe to form a plural. Some English speakers associate the apostrophe so strongly with the letter s that they compulsively hurl it at every s that occurs at the end of a word. For example: 20 Craft Idea’s for Kid’s Three Barber’s on Duty My Cat Love’s Me All Product’s Updated Frequently Puppie’s For Sale Open Sunday’s Our Preschooler’s Can Read In deference to another reader, who has asked me to supply corrected versions of cited errors, here are the correct forms: 20 Craft Ideas for Kids Three Barbers on Duty My Cat Loves Me All Products Updated Frequently Puppies For Sale Open Sundays Our Preschoolers Can Read I wish that I could state the rule that one must never ever use an apostrophe to form a plural. All I can say is that one must almost never ever do so. Certainly, an apostrophe is never used to form the plural of an ordinary noun. Someone who sports a bumper sticker that says, â€Å"Our preschooler’s can read† or letters a sign that says â€Å"Puppie’s for sale,† has a feeble understanding of how noun plurals are formed in English: one preschooler, two preschoolers one puppy, two puppies Someone who embroiders â€Å"My cat love’s me† on a cushion has never learned the difference between nouns and verbs. Third person singular verbs in English end with s: He runs, she sings, it barks. Apostrophes are never used with verbs. We can postulate a rule about words that end in s: If a word ends in the letter s, don’t put an apostrophe anywhere near it, unless you wish to indicate possession. So, when is it all right to form a plural with ’s? Usually, the only time to use ’s to form a plural is when pluralizing letters and symbols like and %. Authorities differ. The Plural of Capital Letters The Chicago Manual of Style states the rule that most capitals may be pluralized by adding s without an apostrophe and gives this example: â€Å"Children need to master the three Rs.† The AP Stylebook, on the other hand, recommends using the apostrophe to form the plural of all capital letters and gives the example â€Å"the three R’s.† The AP recommendation makes practical sense because some capital letters do require an apostrophe for clarity. Compare: Your Ss, Is, and Us are illegible. Your S’s, I’s, and U’s are illegible. The Plural of Lowercase Letters Lowercase letters require an apostrophe for clarity. Compare: There are two is in liaison. There are two i’s in liaison. The Plural of Numerals Numerals form their plurals by adding s only: He bowled three 300s. His parents grew up in the 1950s. Both CMOS and AP agree that numerals may form the plural without an apostrophe. OxfordDictionaries online does allow the use of the apostrophe to show the plurals of single numbers: â€Å"Find all the number 7’s.† The Penguin Guide to Punctuation (first published 1997), states that American usage calls for an apostrophe with a date and admonishes British speakers: â€Å"You should not adopt this practice unless you are specifically writing for an American audience.† The use of an apostrophe with a pluralized date may once have been American practice, but now both the Chicago Manual of Style and the AP Stylebook state that dates are pluralized without an apostrophe: â€Å"the 1950s.† The trend globally is against the use of the apostrophe to form the plural of anything. Using an apostrophe to form the plural of a word, letter, symbol, or numeral is justified only if leaving it out would interfere with reading comprehension. I’ve yet to exhaust the topic of apostrophe use, but this will have to do for now. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of Infinitives8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesTitled versus Entitled

Buliding a UbAMS Model from the Literary Review Dissertation

Buliding a UbAMS Model from the Literary Review - Dissertation Example Each one of these aspects has a different degree of security related to it. UbAMS will follow a security scheme of Low-Medium-High; referring to low security for ownership-based factors, medium security for knowledge-based factors while high security for inherence-based factors. 2.2.1 Ownership-based factors The ownership-based factors of security are the details that are possessed by the owner himself. It is considered to be something that is physically given by the concerned authorities that will facilitate the access to the desired system. However, the level of security for ownership-based factors is considered to be ‘low’ since the physical token can be stolen or misplaced. It includes physical objects that can be used by intruders to gain unauthorized access. A better approach is to use these factors as a part of the authentication process that authorizes the person for example the physical token might have to be used with the combination of a knowledge based factor . These are usually referred to as tokens. Three types of tokens have been explained be: 2.2.1.1 Mobile device The mobile device is also referred to as the USB token device. This device is very small as it is almost the size of a key. The size makes it accessible and reduces the need to remember any credentials. This aspect can save a company significant amount of expense that would otherwise be spent in buying required software or hardware for the employees [5]. The USB device is recognized by the system and the second part of the authentication process commences i.e. the entry of the password. These devices are very hard to duplicate and serve as secure mediums to store sensitive information like private keys, security certificates etc [3]. The following figure shows the image of a USB token device: Figure 1: USB token device [4] Ease of Use It has to be inserted in any USB port of the system; this aspect increases its usability since no special software or hardware is required to avail this technology. Effectiveness This technique proves to be effective if it is accompanied with a knowledge-based factor. 2.2.1.2 Smart Card Smart card resembles a credit card and has a microprocessor embedded in it that stores and processes data [6]. The presence of the microprocessor makes the device intelligent enough to be handle complex authentication mechanisms. It is recognized by the system through a card reader. Upon the verification of the device by the card reader, the user is asked to enter the required password to gain access to the required system. These devices are also hard to duplicate and prove to be good sources for storing information and sensitive data. Tamper resistance techniques are used to protect the smart cards from any malicious usage [8]. Ease of Use A reliable card reader is necessary to be connected with the user’s system; this might prove to be an overhead for the company in terms of finances. Effectiveness As stated earlier, ownership ba sed factors need to have a combination with knowledge based factor since its separate use provides low security for the access management system. 2.2.1.3 Security Token Security token is also referred to as a password generating token. It generates a unique pass-code; it is a password that is used by the user one time as it is

Report on British Airways Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Report on British Airways - Case Study Example The oneworld members work on bilateral basis. They have code sharing and marketing alliances (BA fact book 2007). They sell tickets of one another offering more destinations to their passengers. The group eventually grew to eight members and 23 affiliates by 2001, and collectively served more than 200 million passengers in 133 countries with 566 destinations. Besides, BA has two fully owned subsidiaries also. These are BA Cityflyer which flies from London city airport to all destinations in Europe and Openskies flies to Europe and New York BA is a public company with 43,501 employees and an employee growth of 12.9% annually. The sales in financial year ending in March 2007 was $16,663.0M with annual increase of 12.5% and net income was $596.5M showing a growth of 131.7%. Martin F. Broughton is currently the chairman and Willie Walsh is the chief executive. The finances of BA are managed by Air Cargo Services. (answers.com; britishairways.com ). BA, though made a public Limited Company in 1985 but its stocks were retained by the government till these could be offered to the public. The opposition to privatization was opposed on the grounds of its huge debts and also by British Caledonian stating BA too large to compete with. 1. The ability to carry out expansion plans successfully received a blow when chaos occurred at Heathrow terminal 5 opening. Hundreds of flights were cancelled and thousands of bags lost. The staff was not trained to handle the new baggage handling system and software too did not work well. Later Willie tried to compensate somewhat for the debacle by surrendering his bonus. Nevertheless, it exposed the shortcomings of the expansion plan or may be the haste. Though, there was an apology from Willie Walsh, BA passengers are not going to forget or forgive the debacle for quite sometime (Webster 2008). 1. Staff survey in 1992, rated BA as poor employer despite the HRM initiatives. The staff stated that BA attracts, retains and develops committed employees (Hofpl 1992; Lundy & Cowling 1996 as cited in McCourt & Eldridge 2003: 37). 2. In mid-1997 BA faced a damaging strike due to its attempt to impose new payscales without negotiations with the employees (Walich, 1997 as cited in McCourt & Eldridge 2003). 3. Recently, in 2007 nearly 4500 ground staff refused to accept the pension plan and went on strike. They stated disparity between ground staff and cabin crew options. (Guardian 2007). 4. The environmental issues are also getting bigger everyday with people vowing to cut down on air travel for environmental safety. There are campaigns by Greenpeace and other organisations that aviation companies are not considering enough for environmental protection. BA is likely to lose more on this ground than other UK airlines (Timesonline 2008). The environmental and noise pollution issues raised protests on expansion plans of Heathrow airport to increase its passenger capacity. The chairman replied to Greenpeace that upgradation is good for environment since the queuing up of planes would be reduced and so the climate change gas emission (BBC News Channel, 2007). The organisation constantly undergoes reorganisation and resizing to be flexible and adaptive to changing customer and the staff has to mould. To help staff adapt itself to change, the

Public and Government Healthcare in America Research Paper

Public and Government Healthcare in America - Research Paper Example 7). There were flaws to the system which President Obama and his healthcare program were trying to correct through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which became a law in March 23, 2010. The bill sought to provide inexpensive, but good quality health care for all the citizens of the United States. It is not only the costs of drugs and hospitalization; the entire healthcare system is being questioned. This was demonstrated in a 2007 National Health Interview Survey showing that 43 million Americans did not have an insurance coverage (Adams et al. as cited in Benson et al., 2011, p. 28). A report by Families USA (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as cited in Benson et al., 2011) stated that most citizens below 65 had an insufficient health insurance during the period of 2007-2008. The road to a perfect healthcare system for the Obama administration and the American people is still a long way. There are many problems and challenges along the way, one of w hich is that most Americans with the insurance coverage are fearful of changing the questioned healthcare infrastructure. Why are Americans afraid of change? Change is a matter of acceptance with courage; courage is significant for accepting an improvement. Americans are afraid of changing the healthcare infrastructure for many reasons which will be discussed in this essay. The unique U.S. healthcare system allows the private sector to help the public sector or the government with providing health care. It is this kind of the system that allowed the private sector, particularly the insurance companies, to commit abuses and malpractices with ordinary citizens as the victim. It is also through this system that the Obama administration wants to incorporate changes and provide an avenue of perfect health for the American people. The healthcare system is a complicated topic involving political, cultural, and moral aspects where change could not be easily implemented as it involves many a reas. Politicians could not reach a point, while all the classes of society could not agree on the kind of change they wanted. In his first address to Congress, President Obama identified healthcare as a primary focus that required an appropriate funding regardless of the existing recession in 2009 (Obama as cited in Benson et al., 2011, p. 28). Historical Development and Current State of Health Care Delivery Before the signing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, also known as the ObamaCare), there were several challenges, or problems, the government and the American people had to face. The PPACA was challenged by 26 state governments, but the controversy was resolved by the Supreme Court ruling in June 2012, which upheld the provision of the law that every American should have a health insurance or pay a fine. This individual mandate was a significant part of the ObamaCare, and, so, the Supreme Court ruling was a big boost and support for the law. Had the cour t ruled otherwise, the entire Affordable Care Act would have fallen (Tate, 2012, p. 4). The U.S. healthcare system allows a combination of private and public insurance agencies to provide healthcare insurance to American citizens. Many insurances of this kind were sponsored by their respective employers. Before the passage of the Affordable

Leadership Styles Of Laissez Faire

Leadership Styles Of Laissez Faire Tata Steel completed its  £6.2 billion (US$12 billion) acquisition of Corus Group at a price of 608 pence per ordinary share in cash on 2 April 2007.The first set of financial results for Corus since becoming a subsidiary of Tata Steel were for the 15 months ending 31st March 2008. Consolidated Financial Highlights 2007-08* (1) How would you describe the Leadership and the leadership style of the company and its relationship with the leadership theories that you are familiar with. Leadership Every company has president, board chairman or leader. For the most ways we agree that someone individually needs to head our businesses and social institutions. The leader of any organization expectedly completes his role which is given by communicating the values of the organization he or she represents. Simply we can define leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Laissez-faire Laissez-Faire Leadership style is known hands off style where managers provides a very little or no directions and maximum freedom is given to staff. All authority given to the staff and they determine goals, resolve problems also makes decisions on their own. The effective use of this style is when staff is highly skilled experienced and educated. Staff have capacity to the work done successfully by their own and also when the staff is trustworthy and fully competent to perform tasks. This style should not be used in the absence of manager when staff feels insecurity, also managers unable to thank staff for their good work which has been done by team members. This approach of Leadership is being used in Corus Company. In Corus since 1950s lots of manufacturing techniques on quality based has been developed. Kaizen is one of those and its Japanese for continues improvement. The main focus of Kaizen is to make continues improvement and CI takes any company towards lean production system. In lean Production system Waste is minimized, flow of work is smooth and total focus of business is on customer needs. Lean system is basically less recourses used efficiently. Where increase in production makes organization profitable. By Continuous Improvement system Corus helps to eliminate waste in various key areas. One aspect is Lean Production which helps to save costs of stock which is the Just in Time (JIT) principle. Just in time means supply of the good at the same time when these are needed. With the help of JIT a minimum stock is kept and maximum finished products to meet demand of customer. It requires well organized system. This system carries risks as well if suppliers fail to supply then organizatio n less able to meet the requirements of customer. Continuous improvement influences the whole employees effectiveness towards the customer needs. By this way employees need to adopt the continuous improvement principal which starts with senior management. Under the leadership of senior management CI works through the whole organization. In this system strong communication skills are important among the departments. Corus carries out regular presentations to let the employees know that how CI is improving business. CI also uses written communication. Everyone is the part to play with continuous improvement. Corus employees contribute ideas for improving their working practices under the supervision of various CI groups. And every person knows very well how to make improvements. Empowerment is given to employees and managers help towards employees gives them the job satisfaction. Corus enjoys the benefits of becoming more profitable organization by reducing the cost, and securing high value orders and time saving operations. Continuous Improvement not only makes Corus more efficient but also provides many benefits to its external stakeholders. (2) In evaluating organisation culture, how would you describe the cultural philosophy of the organisation, its implication on the workforce and the organisation performances? Organizational culture refers to the underlining values, believes and principles, that serve as a foundation for the management system, management practices, and their behavior (Brown, 1995). Organizational culture deeply rooted into the structure and members of the organization. We can say organizational culture (generally) provides a framework or track for the organization to run smoothly to success and, if effective, provides its employees an opportunity to develop themselves, depending on the employees personal ambitions. Culture is the collection of traditions, values, policies, beliefs, and attitudes that constitutes a pervasive context for everything we do and think in an organisation. Culture could also be defined as the collective self-image and styles of an organisation; its shared values and beliefs, norms and symbols (The way we do things around here) The impact of organizational culture on workforce and organizational performance varied depends upon whether the organization has a culture strong or weak but there are some general things that apply on it many of the workers are spending more and more time at workplace which totally depends on the job. It is a common phenomenon that a happy worker is pretty productive and this is one of the good impacts on the organizations performance. A strong organization always focuses on the environment it creates should be encourage able, efficient and productive for employees which shows importance of the employees in the organization. Such things generally have best response from its employees and also good for them to achieve goals. We aim to balance the needs of our stakeholders by incorporating the principles of sustainability into all aspects of our business. Performance culture of Corus is based on four pillars and the aim of Corus is about the work of employees together for achieving t he business goals. The responsibility of each and every employee is corporate by giving the full support from bottom to top in accordance with the performance culture. Aspirational targets are where Corus challenges to understand the boundaries, set ambitions, and value added growth to delight customers by giving them maximum value together and to set the benchmark for the best performance. Corus keeps in mind safe workplace high ethical standards, communities, prevent harmful injuries and respects environment culture for the safety and social responsibility. Continuous improvement system is the uniformity of employees management system towards the best performance through teamwork to make organization profitable. Its motivation, coaching individual, develop talent and empowering the employees. Openness and transparency is about trust, spirit and cooperation throughout teamwork at all levels in any group of organization. This encourages database communication respect decisions and e ach other and inspires peace, passion and pride among the employees.

Food Recipe Essay -- Nutrition, Traditional Food

This chapter first enlightens definition of traditional food. Many researchers in previous studies define traditional food in many ways of thoughts. Generally, traditional food is connected with locality, whether from its ingredients, method, formulation or people who handle it. As well, some researchers address traditional food has a strong relationship with cultural and heritage of the place whereby it is produced. In addition, authenticity is an important element that contributes to the uniqueness of traditional food. As traditional food embraces culture and heritage instead of relating to authenticity hence it gives a lot of advantages to tourism industry within the country. Terengganu is chosen as a state within Malaysia, which represents the variety traditional foods that contain the elements of authenticity. Lastly, explanations about traditional food, authenticity, relationship between food and tourism along with Terengganu as an authentic food representative in Malaysia will be discussed a detail in this chapter. 2.2 Definition of Traditional Food Food is commonly acknowledged as something that contains nutritional values which beneficial to human health. On the other hand, Bassiere (1998) defined food as a component of physio-logical, psycho-sensorial, social, hygienic, and symbolic environment. The author symbolized food in different guises whereby as: (a) basis of fantasy and symbolic virtues (bread, wine and dark blood of the game); (b) communication (food sharing influence social link), class marker (champagne, wine, caviar or tripe); and (c) emblem of culinary heritage. In terms of traditional food, Iglesias et al. (2003) defined it as food which is fully elaborated from traditional ways of processing or ... ...s a strong relationship between local food and tourism as today culinary tourism has become wider and popular almost in all countries. Chen-Tsang and Jeou-Shyan (2011) commented food might be just a part of economy but marketing of food which collaborate restaurants, markets and products is the essential component of tourism. Similarly, Gustafsson et al. (2005) revealed that regional food culture is an advantage to the economy as it seems to spawn successful rural food businesses. Therefore, producers, marketers even government need to have a great effort to examine the existing culinary resources so that any potential benefits could be identified. Sound framework which taken in consideration pros and cons should be established to ensure tactical form and style of culinary tourism appropriates for certain place could be developed (Chen-Tsang and Jeou-Shyan, 2011).